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hydrocodone
hydrocodone is an orally active analgesic and antitussive Schedule II
narcotic that is marketed in multi-ingredient Schedule III products.
hydrocodone has an analgesic potency similar to or greater than that of oral
morphine. Sales and production of this drug have increased significantly in
recent years (a four-fold increase between 1990 and 2000), as have diversion
and illicit use. Trade names include Anexsia®, Hycodan®, Hycomine®, Lorcet®,
Lortab®, Tussionex®, Tylox®, Vicodin®, and Vicoprofen®. These are available as
tablets, capsules, and/or syrups. Generally; this drug is abused by oral
rather than intravenous administration. Currently, about 20 tons of
hydrocodone products are used annually in the United States.
hydrocodone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
hydrocodone
4,5-alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-
morphinan-6-one
CAS number
125-29-1 ATC code
R05DA03
Chemical formula C18H21NO3
Molecular weight 299.368
Bioavailability ?
Metabolism ?
Elimination half-life 4-8 Hours
Excretion ?
Pregnancy category ?
Legal status Schedule II (DEA)
Routes of administration Oral, syrup
hydrocodone or dihydrocodeinone (marketed as Vicodin, Anexsia, Dicodid,
Hycodan, Hycomine, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Tussionex) is an opioid derived from
either of the naturally occurring opiates - codeine or thebaine. hydrocodone
is an orally active narcotic analgesic and antitussive that is marketed in
multi-ingredient Schedule III products. The typical therapeutic dose of 5 mg
to 10 mg is pharmacologically equivalent to 30 to 60 mg of oral codeine. Sales
and production of this drug have increased significantly in recent years, as
have diversion and illicit use. hydrocodone is commonly available in tablet,
capsule, and syrup form.
In the US it is a Schedule II drug in its pure form and Schedule III in
multi-ingredient forms where it is combined with non-narcotics such as
Paracetamol (acetaminophen), Aspirin and homatropine methylbromide. In the UK
it is listed as a Class A drug under the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act.
GENERIC NAME: hydrocodone and ibuprofen
BRAND NAME: Vicoprofen
DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Vicoprofen is a combination of an opioid analgesic (pain
reliever related to narcotics, hydrocodone) and a nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen). Both medications are effective against
pain. It is estimated that one tablet of Vicoprofen is as effective as two
tablets of Tylenol #3 (acetaminophen 300 mg plus codeine 30 mg). Vicoprofen
was approved by the FDA in 1997.
GENERIC AVAILABLE: yes
PRESCRIPTION: yes
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PREPARATIONS: Tablets: hydrocodone 7.5 mg and ibuprofen 200 mg
STORAGE: Tablets should be stored at room temperature, between 15 and 30°C
(59-86°F).
PRESCRIBED FOR: Vicoprofen is used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain.
DOSING: Vicoprofen usually is taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed for the
relief of pain. The manufacturer recommends a maximum of 5 tablets per day.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: hydrocodone, like other narcotic pain-relievers, interacts
with other medications and drugs that slow the brain's processes, such as
alcohol, barbiturates, skeletal muscle relaxants including carisoprodol (Soma),
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), and benzodiazepines (e.g. lorazepam, Ativan;
clonazepam, Klonopin).
Opioids such as hydrocodone can slow bowel motility. When combined with
medications that possess anticholinergic activity, this effect on the bowel
may be accentuated, leading to marked constipation. Such drugs include
dicyclomine (Bentyl), some antihistamines [carbinoxamine (Rondec), clemastine
(Tavist), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), promethazine (Phenergan)], some
phenothiazines [e.g. thioridazine (Mellaril), triflupromazine (Stelazine)],
some tricyclic antidepressants [e.g. amitriptyline (Elavil), amoxapine (Asendin),
clomipramine (Anafranil), protriptyline (Vivactil)], clozapine (Clozaril),
cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), and disopyramide (Norpace). The use of
antidiarrheals [e.g. diphenoxylate (Lomotil), loperamide (Imodium)] in persons
taking opioid analgesics such as hydrocodone can lead to severe constipation
and possibly greater sedation.
Cimetidine (Tagamet), when used with opiate analgesics such as hydrocodone,
can cause confusion, disorientation, seizures or respiratory depression by
increasing blood concentrations of the opiate.
Ibuprofen--which has blood thinning (anticoagulant) properties--is used with
caution in patients taking other blood thinning anticoagulants such as
warfarin (Coumadin), because of an increased risk of bleeding. Patients taking
lithium can develop toxic blood lithium levels if ibuprofen is taken at the
same time.
PREGNANCY: There is very little information about the effects of hydrocodone
on the fetus. Physicians may elect to use hydrocodone if its benefits are
deemed to outweigh potential risks.
NURSING MOTHERS: It is not known if hydrocodone is secreted in breast milk.
SIDE EFFECTS: The most frequent side effects experienced with hydrocodone
include lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, and vomiting. Other side
effects include constipation and spasm of the ureter, which can lead to
difficulty in urinating.
The most common side effects of ibuprofen involve the gastrointestinal system.
It can cause ulcerations, abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, gastritis, and
even serious gastrointestinal bleeding. Sometimes, stomach ulceration and
bleeding can occur without abdominal pain, and black tarry stools, weakness,
and dizziness upon standing may be the only signs of internal bleeding. Rash,
kidney impairment, ringing in the ears, and lightheadedness also can occur.
hydrocodone can depress breathing, and is used with caution in elderly,
debilitated patients and in patients with serious lung disease. hydrocodone
can impair thinking and the physical abilities required for driving or
operating machinery. hydrocodone may be habit forming. Mental and physical
dependence can occur but are unlikely when used for short-term pain relief.
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